耐盐碱雅罗鱼遗传资源研究平台致力于系统开发雅罗鱼资源，深入探讨鱼类耐盐碱的生理与分子遗传机制，培育耐盐碱鱼类新品种，为我国水产科技事业发展提供科学的信息资源和技术支撑。平台搜集了分布于我国不同水域类型中具有代表性的雅罗鱼野生种，其中包括生长在哈尔滨松花江和内蒙古达里诺尔湖的瓦氏雅罗鱼（Leuciscus waleckii）、由日本海溯河至绥芬河产卵的滩头雅罗鱼（L. brandti）、生长在新疆额尔齐斯河的贝加尔雅罗鱼（L. leuciscus baicalensis）和高体雅罗鱼（L.idus）。雅罗鱼具有耐高盐碱、耐低温及种间表型差异大等特点，是开展耐盐碱鱼类良种开发和鱼类耐盐碱遗传机制研究的模式实验材料。
目前我们利用这些资源已经或即将开展下列研究：
1） DNA分子标记开发：将基因组克隆和转录组测序相结合，开发雅罗鱼SSR标记、EST标记和SNP标记；
2） 野生种(群)遗传结构分析：利用分子标记对搜集获得的不同雅罗鱼野生种(群)进行全基因组扫描，分别建立遗传背景档案；
3） 遗传连锁图谱构建及QTL分析：根据耐盐碱特性及表型特征，以不同亲本组合制备杂交F2，建立标记与性状的连锁关系，开展耐盐碱、侧线鳞、鳞片大小、体型等性状的QTL分析；
4） 耐高碱分子遗传机制研究：利用斑马鱼芯片和转录组测序技术，分析淡水和碱水瓦式雅罗鱼鳃、肾、肠3个组织的基因表达谱差异个组织的基因表达谱差异，获得一批与耐高碱相关的候选基因。并结合基因组耐盐碱QTL分析结果，对雅罗鱼耐高碱的分子机制进行阐述；
5） 培育耐盐碱新品种：根据雅罗鱼的耐盐碱特性及表型特征，将分子标记辅助育种与传统育种技术相结合，确定不同亲本配组制备杂交F1，并通过对杂交子代生产性能比较，筛选具有优良性状的杂交种；利用筛选获得的耐碱候选基因，通过转基因技术构建耐盐碱鱼类新品种。
上述研究工作的开展必将推进我国雅罗鱼种质资源深度挖掘及保护利用的进程，同时也将对鱼类耐盐碱分子机制的深入研究奠定良好的基础。培育的耐盐碱雅罗鱼新品种对我国北方水产养殖结构的调整及盐碱水域水质改良具有十分重要的经济价值和生态意义。
INTRODUCTION
The platform of genetic resources for saline-alkaline resistant (SAR) Leuciscus will mainly focus on the introduction of the resources of Leuciscus distributed in China, the mechanisms of saline-alkaline resistance clarified in physiological and molecular genetic level, ,and the new varieties of SAR fish species produced through intercross or transgenosis. The representative wild species of Leuciscus distributed in different types of water environment hasve been collected, including the Leuciscus waleckii grown in Songhua River in Harbin and Dalinoer Lake in innerInner Mongolia, the L. brandti migrated from Japan Sea to Suifen River, the L. leuciscus baicalensis and L.idus grown in Erqis River in Xinjiang. The Leuciscus would be a good experimental model for studying the genetic mechanism of saline-alkaline resistance and breeding new SAR fish varieties, due to its excellent performances in high saline-alkaline and low temperature tolerance and remarkable phenotypic differences between species.
Presently, the studies have been or would be carried out as follows:
1）. DNA marker preparation The DNA markers of SSR, EST and SNP will be identified based on the genome cloning and transcriptome sequencing.
2）. Genetic structure analysis of wild populations Genome-wide scan will be performed for Leuciscus collected from different wild populations by use of the molecular markers.
3）. Genetic linkage map and QTL analysis Based on the characteristics of saline-alkaline resistance and phenotypic differences of the wild Leuciscus, the hybrids F2 will be produced to build the genetic linkage constructs and conduct QTL analysis, such as profiles of saline-alkaline resistance, number of lateral line scales, scale size, body shape and so on.
4）. Molecular genetic mechanism of saline-alkaline resistance The gene expression profiles of gill, kidney and intestine of L. waleckii from freshwater and alkaline water will be obtained using zebrafish microarray and transcriptome sequencing techniques. A number of candidate genes associated with alkaline resistance will be identified. The mechanism of saline-alkaline resistance would be studied deeply combining the results of QTL fine mapping.
5）. Breeding new varieties Based on the characteristics of saline-alkaline resistance and phenotypic features of the wild Leuciscus, the hybrids with superior characteristics will be propagated by combination of the molecular marker-assisted and conventional breeding techniques, and the new varieties of SAR fish species could be prepared by transgenic technology as well.
These researches mentioned above will not only promote the resources utilization and corresponding protection strategies making for Leuciscus, but also lay a good foundation for the studies of the molecular mechanisms of saline-alkaline resistance for fish species. The selected-bred new varieties are of important meanings economically and ecologically in adjusting the aquaculture structure and improving the quality of saline-alkaline water in northern China.
附课题组宣传资料：
